Semiconjugacies Between Relatively Hyperbolic Boundaries

We prove the existence of Cannon-Thurston maps for Kleinian groups corresponding to pared manifolds whose boundary is incompressible away from cusps. We also describe the structure of these maps in terms of ending laminations.Comment: v2 16 pgs, no figs. Final version. To appear in Groups, Geometry and Dynamic

On homogeneous skewness of unimodal distributions

We introduce a new concept of skewness for unimodal continuous distributions which is built on the asymmetry of the density function around its mode. The asymmetry is captured through a skewness function. We call a distribution homogeneously skewed if this skewness function is consistently positive or negative throughout its domain, and partially homogeneously skewed if the skewness function changes its sign at most once. This type of skewness is shown to exist in many popular continuous distributions such as Triangular, Gamma, Beta, Lognormal and Weibull. Two alternative ways of partial ordering among the partially homogeneously skewed distributions are described. Extensions of the notion to broader classes of distributions including discrete distributions have also been discussed

Knowledge of anganwadi workers about integrated child development services: a study in Sitamarhi district of Bihar, India

Background: The anganwadi worker (AWW) is the backbone of integrated child development services (ICDS) for delivering the services of the program. Being a key functionary, her level of knowledge regarding various components of ICDS is linked to the ultimate outcome of the ICDS program. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the level of knowledge among AWW regarding services of ICDS.Methods: This was a cross sectional study in which level of knowledge regarding ICDS among anganwadi worker was assessed using structured questionnaire. The primary outcome of the study is the knowledge of AWW about ICDS component services. Descriptive statistics was presented as frequency and percentage for categorical variable. The knowledge of AWW was assessed by knowledge score made under all the themes of the questionnaire and was presented as mean and median score. Analysis was done in STATA version 14.2.Results: Nearly 55% of the respondents were not aware about ICDS services. Whereas majority had knowledge on growth monitoring and immunization respectively, above the median score, only 39% of AWW had knowledge on nutritional supplementation above median score. The variables such as education level and training of AWW showed significant association with the knowledge of ICDS components.Conclusions: There is need for improving knowledge and awareness about various ICDS components and the training quality provided to AWWs

Asymptotic Distribution of Restricted Canonical Correlations and Relevant Resampling Methods

As restricted canonical correlation with a nonnegativity condition on the coefficients depend only on the covariance matrix, their sample counterparts can be obtained from the sample covariance matrix. For such estimators, asymptotic normality results are established, and the role of resampling methods in this context is critically examined. The effectiveness of the usual jackknife and bootstrap methods is studied analytically, and the findings are supplemented by numerical studies

Post-Traumatic Meningitis: Case-Based Review of Literature from Internists’ Perspective

Most cases of post-traumatic meningitis (PTM) occur following immediate head trauma or neurosurgical procedures. Hence, internists do not often come across these patients. However, closed-head trauma can be associated with community-acquired meningitis (CAM), and this history can often be missed especially if it is remote or trivial in nature. Therefore, meticulous clinical assessment is necessary to identify cases of community-acquired PTM. Knowledge about pathophysiological, anatomical, and microbiological context of community-acquired PTM is required in order to manage these patients. The role of internist is to provide holistic management in these patients which includes not only antimicrobial treatment but also timely referral to surgical specialties if required as well as vaccination to prevent further episodes. Here, we present a case of CAM with remote history of close head trauma and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea for years who was found to have base of skull (BOS) defect on imaging of skull. He was treated with antibiotics and referred to surgical specialties for repair of BOS defect as well as given pneumococcal vaccine to prevent further episodes of meningitis

Restricted canonical correlations

Given two random vectors Y (1) and Y (2) the first canonical correlation between them is defined as: sup{ Correlation(α′ Y (1) , β′ Y (2) ) : α ε R p , β ε R q }. However, in many practical situations (e.g. educational testing problems, neural networks), some natural restrictions on the coefficients α and β may arise which should be incorporated in this maximization procedure. The maximum correlation subject to such constraints is referred to as the restricted canonical correlation. This problem is treated here under the nonnegativity restriction on α and β. The analysis is extended to more general form of inequality constraints, and also when the restrictions are present only on some of the coefficients. Restricted versions of some other related measures are also discussed. This includes principal component analysis and different modifications of canonical correlations. Anomalies with higher order correlation are also described. Some properties of restricted canonical correlation, including its bounds, are studied

Joint Life Insurance Policies with Differential Benefits and Premiums to the Policyholders

In this paper, we explore actuarial justification for equal or unequal sharing of premiums and benefits between policyholders in a product involving joint lives. The analysis reveals a fundamental difference between endowment and assurance types of products in this regard. In assurance plans, there is a clear basis for differential structure in terms of sharing premium payment. In pure endowment plans, the default system of equal premium for equal benefit may be more justified although implications of other alternatives are also considered. A justification is derived for such an alternative through appropriate discount figures as compared to individual live policies. We also suggest an alternative actuarial principle to deal with joint endowment plans: solutions have been worked out under this framework. While lives are considered to be independent for a major part of this work, the implications of dependency have also been presented here with special reference to common shock model and copula models.